Survival analysis of coronary heart disease patients: the role of gender, hypertension, and clinical risk factors

Abstract

Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with survival outcomes influenced by multiple demographic and clinical factors. This study aimed to identify prognostic determinants of recovery time among CHD patients using survival analysis. A retrospective dataset of 403 patients with con-firmed CHD was analyzed, excluding incomplete records. Patient characteristics were described, and the Cox proportional hazards model was applied to assess the effect of gender, age, hypertension, diabetes, and prior stroke on recovery time. The proportional hazards assumption was tested, and extended Cox models were considered where nec-essary. The results indicated that male gender and absence of hypertension were sig-nificant predictors of faster recovery, while age, diabetes, and history of stroke did not exhibit significant associations with recovery time. These findings are consistent with recent evidence that sex-related disparities and hypertension status play critical roles in shaping clinical outcomes in CHD patients. The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating these prognostic factors into treatment and rehabilitation planning to op-timize patient management. Nevertheless, the conclusions are limited by the sin-gle-center design and modest sample size, and further multicenter research is recom-mended to confirm these findings and expand their generalizability.