Stability and bifurcation of a prey-predator system incorporating fear and refuge

Hiba Abdullah Ibrahim, Dahlia Khaled Bahlool, Huda Abdul Satar, Raid Kamel Naji

Abstract


It is proposed and studied a prey-predator system with a Holling type II functional response that merges predation fear with a predator-dependent prey's refuge. Understanding the impact of fear and refuge on the system's dynamic behavior is one of the objectives. All conceivable steady-states are investigated for their stability. The persistence condition of the system has been established. Local bifurcation analysis is performed in the Sotomayor sense. Extensive numerical simulation with varied parameters was used to explore the system's global dynamics. A limit cycle and a point attractor are the two types of attractors in the system. It's also interesting to note that the system exhibits bi-stability between these 2 types of attractors. Fear also has a destabilizing effect on the dynamics of the system.

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Published: 2022-04-04

How to Cite this Article:

Hiba Abdullah Ibrahim, Dahlia Khaled Bahlool, Huda Abdul Satar, Raid Kamel Naji, Stability and bifurcation of a prey-predator system incorporating fear and refuge, Commun. Math. Biol. Neurosci., 2022 (2022), Article ID 32

Copyright © 2022 Hiba Abdullah Ibrahim, Dahlia Khaled Bahlool, Huda Abdul Satar, Raid Kamel Naji. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Commun. Math. Biol. Neurosci.

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