Role of refuge in the dynamic of two prey - one predator food web model with fear and nonlinear harvesting

Abstract

This paper proposes and studies a food web model consisting of three species: two prey and one predator. The model takes into consideration the impact of fear, refuge for the first prey, which is dependent on the predator, and nonlinear harvesting of each prey. Further, the predator consumes the prey according to a Holling-type interaction. The model's boundedness is investigated. The conditions for all points of equilibrium that are biologically possible and local stability have been studied. The global stability of the model was examined using suitable Lyapunove functions. At last, the model is solved using numerical simulation for a variety of parameter values, and the results are shown graphically to confirm the analytical results.