Negative binomial regression analysis of stunting determinants in toddlers: achieving optimal nutrition in West Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Stunting in children represents a serious public health concern in developing countries, impeding nutritional growth and overall well-being. Its causes are multifaceted, including malnutrition, psychosocial and social factors. The consequences of stunting extend beyond individual health, contributing to broader socio-economic decline, diminished quality of life, and long-term health deficits. As a critical indicator within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Indonesia has made notable progress in reducing stunting prevalence, from 21.6% in 2022 to 17.8% in 2023, moving closer to the national target of 14%. Nevertheless, the target remains unmet, underscoring the ongoing need for enhanced prevention strategies. This study investigates the effects of key determinants, including low birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, vitamin A supplementation, and the availability of healthcare services, on stunting in West Java. Negative binomial regression was applied to account for the over-dispersed nature of the stunting data, offering a more robust alternative to Poisson regression when variance exceeds the mean. The findings indicate that low birth weight and vitamin A supplementation are significant predictors of stunting. A thorough understanding of these factors is essential for designing and implementing effective interventions to mitigate stunting.