Dynamics of a Leslie-Gower food chain model with fear, and anti-predator capability

Abstract

The dynamics of food chains and ecosystems depend heavily on fear and anti-predator activity. grasping how prey-predator interactions affect not just individual species but also the larger community structure and ecosystem functioning requires a grasp of these fundamental ideas. Therefore, a novel food chain model made up of the Lotka-Volterra interaction and a modified Leslie-Gower model has been presented for investigation in the presence of fear and anti-predator notions. The model's local dynamics were examined. Requirements for persistence were identified. The global dynamics were examined using the Lyapunov function. Investigations of local bifurcations had been conducted. Lastly, to validate the results and comprehend the impact of fear and anti-predators, a numerical simulation was employed.