A mathematical model of HIV/AIDS with awareness and its application to optimal control strategies: a case study in Thailand

Abstract

HIV infection can progress to AIDS, the most severe stage of the disease, characterized by a critically weakened immune system. In some regions, AIDS is a leading cause of mortality. This study develops a mathematical model of HIV/AIDS aimed at reducing new infections, using Thailand as a case study. The model includes epidemic and endemic analyses, along with stability evaluations for both equilibrium points. Additionally, an optimal control analysis is conducted to identify strategic interventions for minimizing all stages of HIV infection.