Effect of hunting cooperation and fear in a food chain model with intraspecific competition

Saad Al-Momen, Raid Kamel Naji

Abstract


Taking into account the significance of food chains in the environment, it demonstrates the interdependence of all living things and has economic implications for people. Hunting cooperation, fear, and intraspecific competition are all included in a food chain model that has been developed and researched. The study tries to comprehend how these elements affect the behavior of species along the food chain. We first examined the suggested model's solution properties before calculating every potential equilibrium point and examining the stability and bifurcation nearby. We have identified the factors that guarantee the global stability of the positive equilibrium point using the geometric approach. Additionally, the circumstances that would guarantee the continued existence of all living beings were computed. The theoretical findings were supported by numerical simulations, which also showed how altering parameter values affected the food chain's dynamic behavior.

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Published: 2023-11-06

How to Cite this Article:

Saad Al-Momen, Raid Kamel Naji, Effect of hunting cooperation and fear in a food chain model with intraspecific competition, Commun. Math. Biol. Neurosci., 2023 (2023), Article ID 119

Copyright © 2023 Saad Al-Momen, Raid Kamel Naji. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Commun. Math. Biol. Neurosci.

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