The dynamics of influenza and COVID-19 coinfection with vaccination: stability and sensitivity

Abstract

A mathematical model of influenza and COVID-19 coinfection is considered. We add a vaccinated subpopulation, where the vaccine is applied to both diseases. We analyse the solution’s positivity and the local stability of the equilibrium. The basic reproduction ratio is calculated using the next-generation matrix resulting in a maximum value between the basic reproduction ratio of influenza and COVID-19. It is found that the nonendemic equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction ratio is less than one. Some numerical simulations are performed, and a sensitivity analysis is given. The result suggests that the regulator needs to pay attention to curbing the interaction of infected subpopulations and boosting the influenza recovery rate to control the disease spread.